一款有害藻華(HABs)研究的理想工具。

近日，德國(guó)WALZ公司在其網(wǎng)站上線了全新版的藻類(lèi)葉綠素?zé)晒鈨xWATER-PAM-II，與其第一代WATER-PAM的主機(jī)檢測(cè)器分開(kāi)不同，WATER-PAM-II將主機(jī)和檢測(cè)器巧妙的合二為一，整體設(shè)計(jì)更加緊湊，野外現(xiàn)場(chǎng)使用更加便攜。除此之外，WATER-PAM-II還同時(shí)搭載了藍(lán)色450nm和紅色630 nm的測(cè)量光、光化光、飽和脈沖以及730nm的遠(yuǎn)紅光。另外WATER-PAM-II還搭載與了PHYTO-PAM-II類(lèi)似的激發(fā)光譜，基于不同藻類(lèi)在450nm，520nm，630nm，660nm的熒光激發(fā)光譜差異來(lái)計(jì)算和分析自然水體藻類(lèi)成分（藍(lán)藻，綠藻，硅甲藻），分別測(cè)量每個(gè)藻種類(lèi)的葉綠素a濃度和計(jì)算總?cè)~綠素a濃度。一臺(tái)機(jī)器可以滿(mǎn)足更多種藻類(lèi)或浮游植物的測(cè)量需求。

全新的WATER-PAM-II使用觸摸屏操作，其半透LED顯示屏在自然光下清晰可見(jiàn)。單機(jī)界面將常用的菜單做了頂層設(shè)計(jì)，這些菜單可以完成絕大部分常規(guī)測(cè)量，如慢速熒光誘導(dǎo)動(dòng)力學(xué)曲線、快速光曲線、AL+Y程序測(cè)量。頂層菜單還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)查看，光強(qiáng)列表查看等。更多機(jī)器設(shè)置可以進(jìn)入到PAM Settings，如機(jī)器設(shè)置，光源選擇，程序調(diào)用，傳感器激活，存儲(chǔ)記憶瀏覽，設(shè)備信息查看都非常簡(jiǎn)潔明了。此外，WATER-PAM-II還可以通過(guò)USB接口實(shí)現(xiàn)與Windows系統(tǒng)計(jì)算機(jī)連接，使用WinControl-3軟件操作儀器。WinControl-3可以一鍵啟動(dòng)慢速熒光誘導(dǎo)動(dòng)力學(xué)曲線和暗弛豫并進(jìn)行淬滅分析?？梢詼y(cè)量快速光曲線（RLC）并選擇擬合方程得出擬合結(jié)果?？梢杂涗洏悠啡~綠素?zé)晒庾兓膭?dòng)態(tài)軌跡，繪制熒光參數(shù)的動(dòng)態(tài)變化曲線，可以保存和導(dǎo)出數(shù)據(jù)報(bào)告。

全新的WATER-PAM-II使用8節(jié)AA充電電池（5號(hào)電池）供電，在不外接電源的情況下可進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)達(dá)1000次飽和脈沖分析；額外的備用電池組使得儀器可以在偏遠(yuǎn)地方進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期研究。

全新的WATER-PAM-II可以選配流通樣品室，在外接蠕動(dòng)泵的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期連續(xù)測(cè)量。

藻類(lèi)光合作用及藻類(lèi)組分的相關(guān)參數(shù)

Fo, Fm, Fv/Fm, F, Fm’, Fo’, Y(II)=ΔF/Fm’, qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO), ETR, α，Ik，ETRmax

藍(lán)藻，綠藻，硅甲藻葉綠素a濃度和總?cè)~綠素a濃度等

應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

測(cè)量野外自然水樣或?qū)嶒?yàn)室培養(yǎng)的微藻樣品的光合作用，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版是一臺(tái)超便攜的設(shè)備，在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版的基礎(chǔ)上加配流通版樣品室和蠕動(dòng)泵套件即可實(shí)現(xiàn)連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)。

WATER-PAM-II還搭載與了PHYTO-PAM-II類(lèi)似的熒光激發(fā)光譜，基于不同藻類(lèi)在450nm，520nm，630nm，660nm的熒光激發(fā)光譜差異來(lái)計(jì)算和分析自然水體藻類(lèi)成分（藍(lán)藻，綠藻，硅甲藻），分別測(cè)量每個(gè)藻中類(lèi)的葉綠素a濃度和計(jì)算總?cè)~綠素a(Total Chla)濃度。

可應(yīng)用于水生生物學(xué)、水域生態(tài)學(xué)、海洋學(xué)、湖沼學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，檢測(cè)限達(dá)0.1 μgChl/L。可用于有害藻華(HABs)的早期預(yù)警。

相關(guān)背景

1998年，德國(guó)WALZ公司設(shè)計(jì)并推出了高靈敏度調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨xWATER-PAM用于測(cè)量水體中浮游植物的葉綠素?zé)晒?，研究藻?lèi)光合作用。在過(guò)去的二十多年時(shí)間里，使用WATER-PAM熒光儀發(fā)表的科研論文超過(guò)500多篇。

參考文獻(xiàn)

數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：光合作用文獻(xiàn)Endnote數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù); 原始數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：Google Scholar

WATER-PAM-II近期剛推出，以下目錄為2021年使用WATER-PAM發(fā)表文獻(xiàn)列表

1. Alekseev, A. A., et al. (2021). "Influence of mercury salts on the condition of algae as studied by fluorescence methods." 9th International Conference on Mathematical Modeling 2328(1): 050001.

2. Baho, D. L., et al. (2021). "Ecological Memory of Historical Contamination Influences the Response of Phytoplankton Communities." Ecosystems.

3. Bhagooli, R., et al. (2021). "Chlorophyll fluorescence – A tool to assess photosynthetic performance and stress photophysiology in symbiotic marine invertebrates and seaplants." Marine pollution bulletin 165: 112059.

4. Castro-Varela, P. A., et al. (2021). "Photobiological Effects on Biochemical Composition in Porphyridium cruentum (Rhodophyta) with a Biotechnological Application." Photochemistry and Photobiology n/a(n/a).

5. Chen, R.-S., et al. (2021). "Effects of Mn2+ on neutral lipid content, C4 pathway, and related gene expression in Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Journal of Applied Phycology.

6. Gu, Z., et al. (2021). "Enhancement of nutrients removal and biomass accumulation of Chlorella vulgaris in pig manure anaerobic digestate effluent by the pretreatment of indigenous bacteria." Bioresource Technology 328: 124846.

7. Kennedy, F., et al. (2021). "Rapid changes in spectral composition after darkness influences nitric oxide, glucose and hydrogen peroxide production in the Antarctic diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus." Polar Biology.

8. Li, S., et al. (2021). "Exploring the potential of photosynthetic induction factor for the commercial production of fucoxanthin in Phaeodactylum tricornutum." Bioprocess and biosystems engineering.

9. Li, X., et al. (2021). "Effects of periodical dehydration on biomass yield and biochemical composition of the edible red alga Pyropia yezoensis grown at different salinities." Algal Research 56: 102315.

10. Puig-Fàbregas, J., et al. (2021). "Evaluation of actin as a reference for quantitative gene expression studies in Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) under ocean acidification conditions." Phycologia: 1-10.

11. Soleymani Robati, S. M., et al. (2021). "Increase in lipid productivity and photosynthetic activities during distillery wastewater decolorization by Chlorella vulgaris cultures." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.

12. Song, Y., et al. (2021). "Electrokinetic detection and separation of living algae in a microfluidic chip: implication for ship’s ballast water analysis." Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

13. Xi, Y., et al. (2021). "Photosynthetic profiling of a Dunaliella salina mutant DS240G-1 with improved β-carotene productivity induced by heavy ions irradiation2021." International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering.

14. Xu, K., et al. (2021). "Toxic and protective mechanisms of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. in response to titanium dioxide nanoparticles." Environmental Pollution: 116508.

15. Zhao, L., et al. (2021). "Light modulates the effect of antibiotic norfloxacin on photosynthetic processes of Microcystis aeruginosa." Aquatic Toxicology 235: 105826.

16. Zhu, J., et al. (2021). "Bacteriophage therapy on the conchocelis of Pyropia haitanensis (Rhodophyta) infected by Vibrio mediterranei 117-T6." Aquaculture 531: 735853.