多激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x——MULTI-COLOR-PAM
日期:2017-04-21 11:25:15

主要功能


測(cè)量參數(shù)

Fo, Fm, F, Fm', Fv/Fm, Y(II), qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NO), Y(NPQ), ETR, ETR(II)λ, p, J, Tau, Sigma(II)λ, PAR、PAR(II) 等


應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域

主要用于各種藻類的深入光合作用機(jī)理研究,用適合的波長(zhǎng)、全新的測(cè)量、全新的參數(shù)進(jìn)行藍(lán)藻、綠藻、硅藻、甲藻、紅藻、隱藻等的深入研究。如選配高等植物附件,也可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)高等植物葉片的測(cè)量。


主要技術(shù)參數(shù)

測(cè)量光:提供 400、440、480、540、590 和 625 nm 的脈沖調(diào)制測(cè)量光,20 個(gè)強(qiáng)度選擇,14 個(gè)頻率選擇。

光化光:提供 440、480、540、590、625 nm 和 420-640 nm(白光)連續(xù)光化光照,最大光強(qiáng) 4000 μmol m-2 s-1;單周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光的最大強(qiáng)度 200 000 μmol m-2 s-1,持續(xù)時(shí)間 5-50 μs可調(diào);多周轉(zhuǎn)飽和閃光強(qiáng)度 10 000 μmol m-2 s-1,1-800 ms可調(diào)。

遠(yuǎn)紅光:725 nm。

信號(hào)檢測(cè):PIN-光電二極管,帶特制鎖相放大器(專利設(shè)計(jì)),最大時(shí)間分辨率 10 μs。


Multi-Color-PAM的功能介紹

光系統(tǒng) II 的相對(duì)電子傳遞速率 rETR 是很常用的一個(gè)參數(shù)。rETR = PAR × Y(II) × ETR-factor,其中 ETR-factor 是指光系統(tǒng)II吸收的光能占總?cè)肷?PAR 的比例。在絕大多數(shù)已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)中,均沒有試圖去測(cè)定 ETR-factor,只是簡(jiǎn)單地假定跟 “模式葉片” 相同,即有 50% 的 PAR 分配到光系統(tǒng) II,84% 的 PAR 被光合色素吸收。因此在已有的文獻(xiàn)中,rETR一般是用公式 rETR = PAR × Y(II) × 0.84 × 0.5 來計(jì)算的。

近期,利用多激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x MULTI-COLOR-PAM 可以實(shí)現(xiàn)光系統(tǒng)II的絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ 的測(cè)量。首先需要利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 測(cè)定某個(gè)波長(zhǎng)下的光系統(tǒng)II功能性光學(xué)截面積 Sigma(II)λ(單位nm2)(其中λ為波長(zhǎng)),然后求出光系統(tǒng)II的量子吸收速率 PAR(II) = Sigma(II)λ × L × PAR = 0.6022 × Sigma(II)λ× PAR。其中 L 為阿伏伽德羅常數(shù),系數(shù) 0.6022 是將 1 μmol quanta m-2 (即 6.022 × 1017 quanta m-2)轉(zhuǎn)換為 0.6022 quanta nm-2,PAR(II) 的單位為 quanta/(PSII × s)。接下來就可以計(jì)算 ETR(II)λ = PAR(II) × Y(II)/Y(II)max,其中 Y(II)max 是經(jīng)過暗適應(yīng)達(dá)到穩(wěn)態(tài)后的光系統(tǒng)II的量子產(chǎn)量,也就是 Fv/Fm×ETR(II) 的單位為 electrons/(PSII × s)。

傳統(tǒng)的調(diào)制葉綠素?zé)晒鈨x一般只能提供一種或兩種顏色的光源,如發(fā)出白光的鹵素?zé)?、發(fā)出藍(lán)光的藍(lán)色 LED 或發(fā)出紅光的紅色 LED 等。用不同顏色的光測(cè)量的結(jié)果可能會(huì)有不同,如圖 1A 所示,用藍(lán)光(440 nm)和紅光(625 nm)測(cè)量綠藻小球藻的快速光曲線有非常顯著的差別,藍(lán)光照射下的 rETRmax 顯著小于紅光照射下,且在較強(qiáng)的光曲線 rETR 有輕微下降趨勢(shì),這說明藍(lán)光的更容易引發(fā)光抑制 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。由此可以推測(cè),過去文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的很過實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,可能會(huì)存在由于采用的激發(fā)光源不同而引起的錯(cuò)誤理解。

如上文所述,利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM,已經(jīng)可以測(cè)量絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ。如果用 ETR(II)λ 來繪制快速光曲線會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么結(jié)果呢?圖 1B 是將圖 1A 的結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)換成絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率后得到的結(jié)果,可以看出無論是照射藍(lán)光還是照射紅光,其絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率是一致的。由此證明圖 1A 中結(jié)果的差異是由于不同波長(zhǎng)下藻細(xì)胞的光系統(tǒng) II 功能性光學(xué)截面積 Sigma(II)λ 的大小不同引起的 (Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2011, Schreiber, Klughammer et al. 2012)。這種利用絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)λ 繪制的快速光曲線在未來的科研中可能會(huì)發(fā)揮越來越重要的作用。

1.jpg2.jpg
圖1 利用相對(duì)電子傳遞速率(A)和絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率(B)分別繪制的快速光曲線(引自Schreiber et al., 2012)
利用 MULTI-COLOR-PAM 分別以藍(lán)光(440 nm)和紅光(625 nm)作為光化光源,測(cè)量小球藻(Chlorella sp.)的快速光曲線。
圖A中,rETR 的計(jì)算采用 0.42 作為 ETR factor。
圖B中,藍(lán)光和紅光激發(fā)下獲得的光系統(tǒng)II功能性光學(xué)截面積 Sigma(II)λ 分別為 4.547 和 1.669 nm2,計(jì)算絕對(duì)電子傳遞速率 ETR(II)440 和 ETR(II)625 的 Fv/Fm 分別為 0.68 和 0.66。


選購指南

一、懸浮樣品測(cè)量基本款

系統(tǒng)組成:通用型主機(jī),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版檢測(cè)單元,懸浮液的光學(xué)單元,數(shù)據(jù)線,工作臺(tái),軟件等

MC-1.jpg-1.jpg
懸浮樣品測(cè)量基本款



二 、高等植物葉片測(cè)量基本款

系統(tǒng)組成:通用型主機(jī),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版檢測(cè)單元,特制葉片夾,數(shù)據(jù)線,工作臺(tái),軟件等

MC-3-1.jpg
高等植物葉片測(cè)量特制葉夾



三、其他可選附件

1,ED-101US/T: 控溫裝置,安裝在 ED-101US/MD 上,為懸浮液控溫;可外接循環(huán)水浴來控溫,

2,US-SQS/WB: 球狀微型光量子探頭,可插入樣品杯中測(cè)量 PAR;由主機(jī) DUAL-C 控制。

3,PHYTO-MS:磁力攪拌器,連接到光學(xué)單元 ED-101US/MD 的底部對(duì)懸浮液進(jìn)行攪拌。

  

產(chǎn)地:德國(guó)WALZ


參考文獻(xiàn)

數(shù)據(jù)來源:光合作用文獻(xiàn) Endnote 數(shù)據(jù)庫,更新至 2021年 1 月,文獻(xiàn)數(shù)量超過 10000 篇

原始數(shù)據(jù)來源:Google Scholar

 

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